One of the distinctive features of China's Company Law is the implementation of the registered capital system, and at the same time the implementation of the subscribed registered capital system, under normal circumstances, shareholders enjoy the benefits of their subscribed capital contributions, and do not have the current capital contribution obligation for subscribed capital contributions that have not expired.

Generally speaking, equity transactions are relatively important and complex, so it is necessary to enter into a written agreement to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties to the equity transaction in the agreement to achieve the purpose of reducing disputes. However, in actual transactions, there will be the following two forms of irregular equity transfer:

Wholly state-owned companies, state-owned enterprises, listed companies, public welfare institutions, and social organizations shall not become general partners.

Shareholders can contribute capital in currency, or they can contribute capital with non-monetary property such as physical goods, intellectual property rights, and land use rights that can be valued in currency and can be transferred in accordance with the law. However, laws and administrative regulations may not be used as property as capital contributions.

For various reasons, the phenomenon of equity holding is widespread in China. Due to the inconsistency between the actual and nominal investors, it often causes controversy. For a third party with whom there is a creditor's right and debt relationship, whether it can apply to the court to enforce the equity held on behalf of the shareholder is also a matter of concern.

Capital contribution is an important part of the establishment of the company, a necessary element for the company to obtain an independent personality, and the basis for the company's operation and development. In addition to leading to defects in the integrity of the company's registered capital, irregular shareholder capital contributions may also lead to the instability of the company's equity structure.

In the era of knowledge economy, the phenomenon of technology investing in enterprises is becoming more and more common, but because the ownership and value of non-patented technologies are difficult to determine, such capital contribution disputes are also very common. Is the contribution of non-patented technology legally effective?